Module 1 – Advanced Vehicle Dynamics & Weight Transfer
Even the most capable off-road rig can become unstable if weight transfer isn’t managed correctly. In technical driving, weight shifts happen in three main ways: longitudinal (front-to-back), lateral (side-to-side), and vertical (suspension compression and extension).
When climbing, gravity pushes weight to the rear axle. If the throttle is applied too aggressively at the crest of a hill, you risk an end-over rollover as momentum lifts the front tires too high. Conversely, in a steep descent, weight shifts forward, unloading the rear tires, which can lead to brake lockup or loss of directional control.
Off-camber situations are especially dangerous. Here, lateral weight transfer reduces traction on the uphill tires, increasing rollover potential. Understanding your vehicle’s center of gravity (COG) is key — modifications like roof racks, rooftop tents, or larger spare tires can raise it and make the rig more top-heavy.
You should also calculate your approach, departure, and breakover angles before attempting obstacles. For example, a lifted Jeep Wrangler with 37” tires will have a far better breakover angle than a stock pickup, but may still be limited by long overhangs. Measuring these angles before a trip lets you know where underbody contact is likely.
A steep-sided crest and a deep ditch both present challenges where your rig’s geometry comes into play. With a steep crest, the risk is that your vehicle’s breakover angle isn’t sufficient, causing the undercarriage to drag or even high-center on the ridge. A deep ditch creates the opposite problem—your approach and departure angles come into play, and if they’re too shallow, the front or rear bumper can strike the ground as you enter or exit. In both situations, your rig can make unwanted contact with the terrain, leading to scrapes, damage, or getting stuck. By knowing your vehicle’s limits, using proper spotting, and approaching at the right angle and speed, you can safely navigate both crests and ditches without unnecessary wear on your equipment.
Suspension tuning also affects weight transfer. Sway bar disconnects allow greater articulation, keeping tires planted. Long-travel suspensions help absorb large drops but require correct shock valving to prevent rebound that can destabilize the vehicle.